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1.
Journal of Integrative Medicine ; (12): 324-331, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982691

ABSTRACT

The prognosis of infectious diseases is determined by host-pathogen interactions. Control of pathogens has been the central dogma of treating infectious diseases in modern medicine, but the pathogen-directed medicine is facing significant challenges, including a lack of effective antimicrobials for newly emerging pathogens, pathogen drug resistance, and drug side effects. Here, a mathematic equation (termed equation of host-pathogen interactions, HPI-Equation) is developed to dissect the key variables of host-pathogen interactions. It shows that control of pathogens does not necessarily lead to host recovery. Instead, a combination of promoting a host's power of self-healing and balancing immune responses provides the best benefit for host. Moreover, the HPI-Equation elucidates the scientific basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a host-based medicine that treats infectious diseases by promoting self-healing power and balancing immune responses. The importance of self-healing power elucidated in the HPI-Equation is confirmed by recent studies that the tolerance mechanism, which is discovered in plants and animals and conceptually similar to self-healing power, improves host survival without directly attacking pathogens. In summary, the HPI-Equation describes host-pathogen interactions with mathematical logic and precision; it translates the ancient wisdoms of TCM into apprehensible modern sciences and opens a new venue for integrating TCM and modern medicine for a future medicine. Sun J. A mathematic equation derived from host-pathogen interactions elucidates the significance of integrating modern medicine with traditional Chinese medicine to treat infectious diseases. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):324-331.


Subject(s)
Animals , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Mathematics , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3)set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414501

ABSTRACT

tuberculose é uma das doenças infectocontagiosas de maior importância no Brasil e no mundo. Afeta de forma importante populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento do número de casos notificados de tuberculose no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos (2011 a 2021), avaliar os fatores que afetam a transmissão, bem como discutir o tratamento padrão e com fitoterápicos. O levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no Brasil de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2021 foi realizado dentre os notificados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os resultados indicaram um aumento linear de casos a partir de 2017 com 90.776 casos diagnosticados, em 2018 (94.720) e 2019 (96.655). Acredita-se que o aumento linear da tuberculose neste período pode estar relacionado principalmente com o aumento da pobreza, contudo o compartilhamento de utensílios durante o uso de narguilé podem representar fatores de risco para tuberculose. Seis plantas medicinais afetam diretamente as micobactérias (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata) e cinco plantas com atividade antibacteriana auxiliam no trato respiratório (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). Contudo, a tuberculose é uma doença reemergente sendo necessária a adoção de políticas públicas que intensifiquem e implementem medidas sócio-educativas para a implantação do uso de fitoterápicos como medida complementar.


Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in Brazil and worldwide. It significantly affects populations in situations of social and economic vulnerability. This study aimed to survey the number of reported tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the last 10 years (2011 to 2021) to assess the factors that affect the transmission and discuss standard and herbal treatments. The epidemiological survey of tuberculosis cases in Brazil from January 2011 to December 2021 was carried out among those notified by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The results indicated a linear increase in cases from 2017, with 90,776 diagnosed cases, in 2018 (94,720) and 2019 (96,655). It is believed that the linear increase in tuberculosis in this period may be mainly related to the increase in poverty. However, the sharing of utensils during the use of hookah may represent risk factors for tuberculosis. Six medicinal plants directly affect mycobacteria (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata), and five plants with antibacterial activity help in the respiratory tract (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). However, tuberculosis is a re-emerging disease, and it is necessary to adopt public policies that intensify and implement socio-educational measures for using herbal medicines as a complementary measure.


La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes en Brasil y en el mundo. Afecta significativamente a las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social y económica. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una encuesta sobre el número de casos notificados de tuberculosis en Brasil en los últimos 10 años (2011 a 2021), para evaluar los factores que afectan a la transmisión, así como para discutir el tratamiento estándar y con fitoterapias. La encuesta epidemiológica de los casos de tuberculosis en Brasil desde enero de 2011 hasta diciembre de 2021 se realizó entre los notificados por el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Los resultados indicaron un aumento lineal de casos desde 2017 con 90.776 casos diagnosticados, en 2018 (94.720) y 2019 (96.655). Se cree que el aumento lineal de la tuberculosis en este periodo puede estar relacionado principalmente con el aumento de la pobreza, aunque el hecho de compartir los utensilios durante el uso de la shisha puede representar factores de riesgo para la tuberculosis. Seis plantas medicinales afectan directamente a las micobacterias (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata) y cinco plantas con actividad antibacteriana ayudan a las vías respiratorias (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). Sin embargo, la tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente siendo necesaria la adopción de políticas públicas que intensifiquen e implementen medidas socioeducativas para la implementación del uso de fitoterápicos como medida complementaria.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Chenopodium ambrosioides , Phytotherapy , Mycobacterium
3.
Más Vita ; 3(4): 26-32, dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1354619

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa granulomatosa crónica causada por bacilo de Koch o Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La problemática que se evalúa en este estudio es que los factores socioeconómicos influyen en el abandono del tratamiento en los pacientes, así también los pacientes abandonan el tratamiento debido a los efectos secundarios que provoca el mismo, y el paciente no tiene un seguimiento adecuado por parte del personal de salud. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que inciden en el abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso en los pacientes que acuden a los Subcentros de salud en la ciudad de Milagro. Materiales y métodos: Encuesta realizada a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Los métodos utilizados fueron el analítico ­ sintético y los métodos empíricos. Bajo esta perspectiva se utilizó un paradigma de la investigación cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva y de corte transversal. La población objeto de estudio fue conformada por los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento antituberculoso en los Subcentro de la Ciudad de Milagro, con un total de población estudiada de 60 personas. Resultados: En el análisis se evidencio los factores socioeconómicos relacionados con el abandono del tratamiento de los pacientes tuberculosos, se identificó los factores de riesgo que influyen en el abandono del tratamiento y se estableció cuáles son las estrategias que debe aplicar el profesional de enfermería para prevenir el abandono del tratamiento. Conclusión: El abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso está asociada a la atención que reciben los pacientes en los Subcentro, así como que los pacientes consideran de larga duración el tratamiento(AU)


La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa granulomatosa crónica causada por bacilo de Koch o Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La problemática que se evalúa en este estudio es que los factores socioeconómicos influyen en el abandono del tratamiento en los pacientes, así también los pacientes abandonan el tratamiento debido a los efectos secundarios que provoca el mismo, y el paciente no tiene un seguimiento adecuado por parte del personal de salud. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que inciden en el abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso en los pacientes que acuden a los Subcentros de salud en la ciudad de Milagro. Materiales y métodos: Encuesta realizada a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Los métodos utilizados fueron el analítico ­ sintético y los métodos empíricos. Bajo esta perspectiva se utilizó un paradigma de la investigación cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva y de corte transversal. La población objeto de estudio fue conformada por los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento antituberculoso en los Subcentro de la Ciudad de Milagro, con un total de población estudiada de 60 personas. Resultados: En el análisis se evidencio los factores socioeconómicos relacionados con el abandono del tratamiento de los pacientes tuberculosos, se identificó los factores de riesgo que influyen en el abandono del tratamiento y se estableció cuáles son las estrategias que debe aplicar el profesional de enfermería para prevenir el abandono del tratamiento. Conclusión: El abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso está asociada a la atención que reciben los pacientes en los Subcentro, así como que los pacientes consideran de larga duración el tratamiento(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Refusal , Health Strategies , Health Personnel
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 25(2): 101560, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278570

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: In recent years, the use of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has increased, resulting in the need to ensure its rational and adequate utilization. This article describes the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in the OPAT setting by a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and its results. Method: An infectious disease (ID) physician made routine assessments of all home care parenteral antimicrobial requests from February to December 2019. Information on diagnosis, renal function, weight, previous antimicrobials, and microbiology were gathered during remote evaluations. Prescription changes recommended by the ID specialist were not mandatory, but implemented by the primary provider as accepted. Antibiotic consumption data was analyzed from January 2018 to December 2019. An active screening was conducted for treatment failures: two or more treatment course requirements, or death within 15 days of the evaluation were reexamined. Results: A total of 506 antimicrobial requests were assessed. The most frequent diagnoses were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and orthopedic surgical site infection. Six percent of evaluations were not completed due to insufficient information and 12% were requests by the primary physician for initial antimicrobial guidance. Of the 416 completed prescriptions evaluations, 58% had suggested changes, including different antimicrobials (40%), treatment duration (25%), and route of administration (23%). There was an increase in use of teicoplanin and meropenem, and a decrease in ceftriaxone, ertapenem, cefepime, amikacin and daptomycin use. The HMO's overall parenteral antimicrobial outpatient consumption, which had shown an upward trend over the previous year, decreased after program initiation. No major adverse results were detected in patients' clinical outcomes; two treatment failures were detected and promptly corrected; no deaths attributed to antibiotic changes were detected. Conclusion: Outpatient antimicrobial stewardship, through remote assessment by an ID specialist, was effective and safe in the OPAT setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Antimicrobial Stewardship , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Outpatients , Prescriptions , Ambulatory Care , Infusions, Parenteral , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
5.
Brasilia; s.n; 16 abr. , 2020. 17 p.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | BRISA, LILACS, PIE | ID: biblio-1095205

ABSTRACT

Autores descrevem evidências do efeito benéfico da coadministração de hidroxicloroquina com azitromicina no tratamento de COVID-19 e sua potencial eficácia na redução precoce da contagiosidade. Trata-se de uma coorte com 80 pacientes infectados (sintomas moderados), internados e tratados com hidroxicloroquina (200 mg 3x/dia ­ total de 600 mg ­ durante 10 dias) + azitromicina (500 mg no 1º dia, seguido de 250 mg/dia por mais 4 dias). Um total de 80 pacientes recebeu tratamento diariamente durante dez dias. Os três desfechos principais do estudo foram: evolução clínica, contagiosidade (avaliada por PCR e cultura) e tempo de permanência na Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas (UDI). Resultados: Evolução clínica: A maioria (65/80, 81,3%) dos pacientes apresentou resultado favorável e recebeu alta. Apenas 15% necessitaram de oxigenoterapia durante a permanência na UDI. Um paciente de 86 anos morreu e outro de 74 anos se encontrava em terapia intensiva no momento da redação do artigo. Contagiosidade: Observou-se uma queda rápida da carga viral nasofaríngea, com 83% de negativos no 7º dia e 93% no 8º dia. As culturas de vírus das amostras respiratórias dos pacientes foram negativas em 97,5% dos pacientes no 5º dia. Tempo de permanência na UDI: dos 65 pacientes que receberam alta da UDI, o tempo médio de permanência foi de cinco dias.1


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Azithromycin/administration & dosage , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Therapies, Investigational/instrumentation
7.
Rev. cuba. inform. méd ; 11(2)jul.-dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093330

ABSTRACT

El Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri (IPK) es una institución con un alto nivel científico, que desarrolla una formación docente de excelencia en doctorados, maestrías, residencias y otros entrenamientos relacionados con las enfermedades tropicales, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. La biblioteca, referencia en esta rama de la medicina, posee un fondo documental que se encuentra desactualizado, los documentos que forman parte de su colección son ediciones antiguas. Se hace necesario establecer una estrategia para la actualización y gestión de la información. Se realizó una búsqueda de información en internet para tener una visión sobre las herramientas y software utilizados para el desarrollo de bibliotecas digitales. Entre las herramientas consultadas y probadas se seleccionó el gestor de biblioteca de libros electrónicos Calibre por ser el software libre que más se adecuaba a nuestras necesidades. Se gestionó, reajustó y organizó la literatura en formato digital con el objetivo de establecer una estrategia para la actualización de la información, con la finalidad de satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios(AU)


The IPK is an institution with a high scientific level, which develops teaching of excellence in doctorates, masters, residences and other trainings related to tropical diseases, their diagnosis and treatment. The library, a reference in this branch of medicine, has a documentary collection that is outdated, the documents that are part of its collection are old editions. It is necessary to establish a strategy for updating and managing information. An information search was carried out on the internet to have a vision on the tools and software used for the development of digital libraries. Among the tools consulted and tested, the Caliber e-book library manager was selected as the free software that best suited our needs. The literature was managed, readjusted and organized in digital format with the aim of establishing a strategy for updating information, in order to meet the needs of users(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Software Design , Software , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Library Automation/standards , Library Services , Prospective Studies
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(9): 968-977, set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-978786

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The long-term effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and its integrated impact with competitive biddings have been seldom reported. Aim: To evaluate the long-term effect of an ASP on antimicrobial consumption, expenditure, antimicrobial resistance and hospital mortality. To estimate the contribution of competitive biddings on cost-savings. Material and Methods: A comparison of periods prior (2005-2008) and posterior to ASP initiation (2009 and 2015) was done. An estimation of cost savings attributable to ASP and to competitive biddings was also performed. Results: Basal median antimicrobial consumption decreased from 221.3 to 170 daily defined doses/100 beds after the start of the ASP. At the last year, global antimicrobial consumption declined by 28%. Median antimicrobial expenditure per bed (initially US$ 13) declined to US$ 10 at the first year (-28%) and to US$ 6 the last year (-57%). As the reduction in consumption was lower than the reduction in expenditure during the last year, we assumed that only 48.4% of savings were attributable to the ASP. According to antimicrobial charges per bed from prior and after ASP implementation, we estimated global savings of US$ 393072 and US$ 190000 directly attributable to the ASP, difference explained by parallel competitive biddings. Drug resistance among nosocomial bacterial isolates did not show significant changes. Global and infectious disease-associated mortality per 1000 discharges significantly decreased during the study period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ASP had a favorable impact on antimicrobial consumption, savings and mortality rates but did not have effect on antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial strains.


Antecedentes: Existe poca información sobre el impacto a largo plazo de un programa de control de antimicrobianos (PCA) y su efecto combinado con licitaciones públicas de fármacos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un PCA sobre el consumo, gasto, mortalidad y estimar la contribución de las licitaciones. Material y Métodos: Comparación antes (2005-2008) - después (2009-2015) del PCA y estimación porcentual del ahorro atribuible al PCA y licitaciones. Resultados: El consumo bajó de 221,3 a 170 dosis diarias definidas por 100 días camas (medianas) al primer año. En el último año el consumo declinó un 27,6%. La mediana del gasto por cama ocupada se redujo de 13 a 10 US$ el primer año y a 6 US$ el último año (-57%). Debido a que el gasto bajó más que el consumo, estimamos que solo el 48,4% del ahorro fue debido al PCA (cuociente de ambas reducciones: −27,6%/-57%). De acuerdo con el gasto en antimicrobianos por cama entre ambos períodos, se calculó un ahorro global de 393.000 US$ y de 190.000 US$ directamente atribuible al PCA, siendo la diferencia explicada por licitaciones. Los porcentajes de resistencia en cepas de infecciones nosocomiales no mostraron incrementos o reducciones significativas en el tiempo y la mortalidad por egresos asociada a enfermedades infecciosas (Códigos CIE 10) se redujo significativamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El PCA se asoció a largo plazo a un impacto favorable sobre el consumo de antimicrobianos, gasto por antimicrobianos y egresos por enfermedades infecciosas sin un impacto en la resistencia antimicrobiana. Las licitaciones tuvieron un efecto aditivo en el ahorro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Competitive Bidding/economics , Communicable Diseases/economics , Antimicrobial Stewardship/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Chile/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Hospital Mortality , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Antimicrobial Stewardship/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, General , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification
10.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 16(6): 529-546, nov. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-914915

ABSTRACT

En este estudio se utilizó el factor de consenso, el nivel de fidelidad y la variedad de uso en la identificación de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas que son comercializadas en la plaza de mercado Samper Mendoza de Bogotá (Colombia). Para esto se realizó una encuesta a 61 herbolarios, la información obtenida fue organizada y analizada en el programa estadístico SPSS. Un total de 122 plantas para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas, distribuidas en cuatro categorías (urogenitales, respiratorias, gastrointestinales y piel y ojos) presentaron valores de FIC entre 0.74 y 0.79, indicando un criterio de selección definido con información correctamente transferida y alta eficacia para el control de infecciones. El 74% (90/122) de las plantas presentaron un nivel de fidelidad del 100% y en el 11% (14/122) se evidenció una importancia relativa con valor de uso inferior a 0.115. Este trabajo muestra la utilidad de la etnomedicina en la selección de plantas medicinales y contribuye al conocimiento de especies vegetales colombianas útiles para estudios fitoquímicos orientados a identificar compuestos con potencial antibacterial para el control de enfermedades infecciosas de impacto en salud pública.


This study used the consensus factor, fidelity level and variety of use in the identification of medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases that are marketed in the Samper Mendoza market in Bogotá, Colombia. For this, a survey was conducted on 61 herbalists, the information obtained was organized and analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. A total of 122 plants of the treatment of infectious diseases, distributed in four categories (urogenital, respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin and eyes) presented FIC values between 0.74 and 0.79, indicating a selection criterion defined with correctly transferred information and high efficiency for infection control. 74% (90/122) of the plants had a fidelity level of 100% and 11% (14/122) a relative importance was evidenced with use value less than 0.125. This work shows the utility of ethnomedicine in the selection of medicinal plants and contributes to the knowledge of Colombian plant species useful for phytochemical studies aimed at identifying compounds with antibacterial potential for the control of infectious diseases of public health impact.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Medicine, Traditional/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Trade , Plants, Medicinal , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(6): 763-767, Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041390

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Despite the therapeutic benefits of drugs, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur. Method: We assessed a series of suspected ADRs identified from notifications and intensive monitoring of inpatients from March 2013 to March 2014. RESULTS: Skin reactions predominated (31%). Systemic anti-infective agents were implicated in 16 (72%) reactions. Fifteen (68%) ADRs were classified as possible. The implicated drug was not correctly identified by the healthcare team in 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Some reactions were not correctly attributed to the causative drug(s), suggesting that the use of a validated evaluation method can promote successful identification of causal links between ADRs and drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
12.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(1): 136-147, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784894

ABSTRACT

El uso racional de antibióticos es un tema de la mayor importancia en la práctica médica actual. Es fundamental que los médicos conozcan tanto las manifestaciones clínicas de cada proceso infeccioso y sus diagnósticos diferenciales, como también sus características epidemiológicas, prevalencia bacteriana local y patrones de resistencia, así como también la farmacología de los antibióticos disponibles, con el fin de tomar la mejor decisión terapéutica. Al enfrentarnos a un paciente, siempre debemos tener en mente que no todas las enfermedades inflamatorias son infecciosas, no todas las infecciones son bacterianas, y no siempre éstas últimas deben ser tratadas con antibióticos. Las infecciones de la vía aerodigestiva superior están dentro de las patologías infecciosas más frecuentes e involucran a una gran cantidad de especialidades médicas. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar los conceptos farmacológicos y microbiológicos básicos para una utilización adecuada de los distintos antimicrobianos, y aplicar estos conceptos en el tratamiento de infecciones otorrinolaringológicas frecuentes y relevantes.


Rational use of antibiotics is of major importance in current clinical practice. It is fundamental that physicians know the clinical manifestations of each infectious disease and its differential diagnoses, their epidemiologic characteristics, local bacterial prevalence and resistance patterns, as well as the pharmacology of the different antibiotics, to make the best therapeutic decision. When faced to a patient, we always have to keep in mind that not every inflammatory disease is infectious, not every infectious disease is bacterial, and that the latter not always has to be treated with antibiotics. Upper aerodigestive infections are among the most frequent infectious diseases and involve several different medical specialties. The objective of this review is to give the basic pharmacologic and microbiologic concepts for an appropriate use of the different antimicrobials, and to apply these concepts in the treatment of frequent and relevant otorhinolaryngological infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
13.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 20(1): 45-52, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378704

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades infecciosas bacterianas con un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento apoyado en un apropiado antibiótico, permiten una alta eficacia en la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Esta situación sitúa los antibióticos como un grupo particular de medicamentos, de amplio uso por los clínicos, desde la medicina general a prácticamente todas las especialidades, y únicos con efectos ecológicos cuya utilización puede contribuir a la selección de cepas resistentes, con la consiguiente diseminación de este atributo. Dado el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana, este artículo busca actualizar el problema, con la finalidad de potenciar la creación de programas de optimización de uso de antibióticos en la red pública de salud de Chile y su implementación a través de la gestión clínica.


Adequate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment of bacterial infectious diseases is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. This situation places antibiotics in a special group among drugs widely used by clinicians, unique ecologically whereby use may contribute to the selection and subsequent dissemination of resistant strains. Given the rise of bacterial resistance, this article aims to serve as an update, promoting programs that optimize antibiotic use in Public medical care in Chile, and their implementation through Clinical Management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Clinical Governance , Antimicrobial Stewardship/organization & administration , Anti-Bacterial Agents/standards , Chile , Public Health , Global Health , Drug Resistance, Bacterial
14.
Washington, D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 02 out. 2015. 25 p. ilus. (CD54/12, Rev. 1).
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-761889

ABSTRACT

Un plan de acción sobre resistencia antimicrobiana para prevenir el resurgimiento de enfermedades transmisibles al reducir el uso indebido de los antimicrobianos, aumentar la concientización y educación, ampliar la vigilancia de la farmacorresistencia, mejorar la prevención de infecciones y aumentar la inversión en nuevos antibióticos y diagnósticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents , Communicable Disease Control , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Health Programs and Plans/standards , Epidemiological Monitoring/standards , Americas , Intersectoral Collaboration , PAHO Directing Council , Regional Health Strategies
15.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 14(4): 1453-1461, 26/05/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1119485

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar os aspectos associados à adesão terapêutica da tuberculose no município de Ribeirão Preto ­SP. A população do estudo foi constituída por doentes de tuberculose em tratamento, há três meses ou mais, no período de 2011 a 2012. Foi entrevistada uma amostra de 127 pacientes, de um total de 204, utilizando-se um formulário estruturado em quatro blocos: Dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de organização da assistência aos doentes em tratamento; Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento da Tuberculose; Conhecimento dos doentes sobre a doença e tratamento; Vínculo com a equipe de saúde. Para análise dos dados realizou-se Análise de Agrupamento e Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Foram construídos dois grupos de análise cujas médias padronizadas permitiram a classificação do grupo 2 como satisfatório e envolveu 67 (52,8%) entrevistados, constituídos por adultos jovens, com vínculo empregatício, ausência de coinfecção TB/HIV, maior frequência de Tratamento Diretamente Observado no domicílio, vínculo com a equipe de saúde e conhecimento sobre a doença. Nível de escolaridade, sexo e forma clínica não foram aspectos que determinaram a adesão. Destaca-se a importância de conhecer o perfil dos doentes associados à adesão terapêutica, uma vez que poderiam nortear a oferta de ações e incentivos.


The aim of this study was to identify and analyze factors associated with adherence therapeutic of tuberculosis in Ribeirão Preto -SP. The study population consisted of tuberculosis patients in treatment for three months or more, in the period 2011 to 2012. It was interviewed a sample of 127 patients, a total of 204, using a structured form into four blocks: Sociodemographic data, clinical and organization of assistance for patients in treatment; Measure of Adherence to Treatment of the Tuberculosis; Knowledge of patients about the disease and treatment; Bond with the healthcare staff. Data analysis was performed Cluster Analysis and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Two groups of analysis were constructed whose standardized mean allowed the classification of group 2 as satisfactory and involved 67 (52.8%) respondents, consisting of young adults with employment, default TB/ HIV coinfection, higher frequency of the Directly Observed Treatment in home, bond with the healthcare staff and knowledge about the disease. The level of education, sex and clinical presentation were not aspects that determined membership. Highlights the importance of knowing the profile of TB patients associated with adherence therapeutic, since they could guide the offer actions and incentives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Professional-Patient Relations , Therapeutics/nursing , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Medication Adherence , Health Services Research
16.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 7(1): 28-31, jun 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-884809

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune de origen desconocido, que cursa con episodios de brotes alternados con periodos de remisión. Durante los brotes pueden aparecer complicaciones que motivan la hospitalización. Objetivo:identificar complicaciones en pacientes con LES que ingresaron al Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital Central "Dr. Emilio Cubas" del Instituto de Previsión Social en el año 2013. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Se excluyeron a pacientes no conocidos portadores de LES y que debutaron con complicaciones, así como también aquellos con LES que ingresaron al Servicio de Clínica Médica provenientes de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Resultados: 40 pacientes afectados fueron internados en el periodo estudiado, se observó predominio del sexo femenino (92,5%), con un promedio de edad de 38,8 años. Los síntomas de ingreso más importantes en orden de frecuencia fueron: sintomatología respiratoria (35,0%), neurológica (25,0%) y sensación febril (20,0%). Las comorbilidades presentes con mayor frecuencia fueron: hipertensión arterial (40,0%), otra enfermedad autoinmune (18,0%) y enfermedad renal crónica (15,0%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: infecciosas (67,5%), renales (22,5%), hematológicas (20,0%) y neurológicas (20,0%). Con respecto a la evolución de los pacientes, el 87,5% fueron dados de alta, 7,5% fallecieron y 5,0% fueron trasladados a la UTI. Los 3 fallecimientos correspondieron a causas infecciosas (shock séptico).Conclusión: las complicaciones infecciosas constituyen motivo frecuente de ingreso en pacientes con LES, ya que debido a la enfermedad y al tratamiento inmunosupresor se encuentran más propensos a desarrollar este tipo de complicación.


Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin that causes outbreaks episodes alternating with periods of remission. During outbreaks motivating hospitalization complications can occur. Objective: To identify complications in SLE patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Service of Central Hospital "Dr. Emilio Cubas" Institute for Social Welfare in 2013. Methods: Descriptive observational, retrospective, cross-sectional research. Patients not known carriers of SLE and who developed complications at the onset of the disease were excluded, as well as those with SLE who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Service from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Results: 40 patients affected were hospitalized during the study period, predominantly female (92.5%), with an average age of 38.8 years. Main symptoms in order of frequency were: respiratory (35.0%), neurological (25.0%) and febrile sensation (20.0%). The most common comorbidities present were hypertension (40.0%), another autoimmune disease (18.0%) and chronic kidney disease (15.0%). The most common complications were infection (67.5%), renal (22.5%), hematologic (20.0%) and neurological (20.0%). About the evolution of patients, 87.5% were discharged, 7.5% died and 5.0% were transferred to the ICU. The 3 deaths corresponded to infectious causes (septic shock). Conclusion: Infectious complications are a frequent reason for hospitalization in patients with SLE, because of the disease and the immunosuppressive therapy they are more likely to develop this complication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Comorbidity , Communicable Diseases/etiology , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Length of Stay , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
17.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 24(1): 39-47, ene.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721091

ABSTRACT

La fiebre amarilla representa a una de las fiebres hemorrágicas que adquieren en Venezuela y a una de las cuatro arbovirosis endémicas que tenemos. Revisando la literatura médica nacional e internacional, se actualizan aspectos relevantes de esta endemia rural. Se mencionan en la etiología las características del agente viral, que tiene ARN como componente primordial de su genoma. En la epidemiología, se menciona su prevalencia en el continente americano y africano y se evalúa su modo de transmisión. En la patogenia y la anatomía patológica se describe al hígado como órgano blanco de la infección. Se destacan en las manifestaciones clínicas los trastornos hemorrágicos y de la coagulación sanguínea. El diagnóstico como en Medicina Tropical, corresponde a un diagnóstico integral: la clínica, en primer lugar, asociada a la epidemiología y a la etiología de la enfermedad. Se establece diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades relacionadas. El tratamiento es de soporte y en terapia intensiva. Se concluye con la profilaxis, evaluando la utilidad que sigue teniendo la vacunación.


The yelow fever represents one of the hemorrhagic fever that can be acquired in Venezuela and one of the four endemic arbovirosis we have. By reviewing the national and international medical literature. Relevant aspects of this endemic rural disease have been updated. In the etiology, several characterictics of the virus are mentioned; including the RNA as a primordial component of its genome. In the epidemiology, its prevalence on the African and American continents is mentioned, and the transmission mode es evaluated. In the pathogenesis and pathological anatomy, the liver is described as the primary organ of infection. Bleeding and blood clotting disorders are the essential clinical manifestations. Like in Tropical Medicina, The corresponding integral diagnosis is required. In the first instance, the clinical aspects, associated to the epidemiology and to the etiology of the disease are analyzed a diffential diagnosis is made with other related entities. The treatment consists of support measures and Intensive Care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). For the prophylaxis, we discuss the advantages of vaccination.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Yellow Fever/complications , Yellow Fever/diagnosis , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow Fever Vaccine/administration & dosage , Communicable Diseases/complications , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy
18.
Indian J Cancer ; 2013 Jan-Mar; 50(1): 71-81
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147323

ABSTRACT

"A Roadmap to Tackle the Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance - A Joint meeting of Medical Societies in India" was organized as a pre-conference symposium of the 2 nd annual conference of the Clinical Infectious Disease Society (CIDSCON 2012) at Chennai on 24 th August. This was the first ever meeting of medical societies in India on issue of tackling resistance, with a plan to formulate a road map to tackle the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance from the Indian perspective. We had representatives from most medical societies in India, eminent policy makers from both central and state governments, representatives of World Health Organization, National Accreditation Board of Hospitals, Medical Council of India, Drug Controller General of India, and Indian Council of Medical Research along with well-known dignitaries in the Indian medical field. The meeting was attended by a large gathering of health care professionals. The meeting consisted of plenary and interactive discussion sessions designed to seek experience and views from a large range of health care professionals and included six international experts who shared action plans in their respective regions. The intention was to gain a broad consensus and range of opinions to guide formation of the road map. The ethos of the meeting was very much not to look back but rather to look forward and make joint efforts to tackle the menace of antibiotic resistance. The Chennai Declaration will be submitted to all stake holders.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Communicable Disease Control/standards , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Government Regulation , Humans , India , International Cooperation , National Health Programs , Societies, Medical
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